变化信用期下易变质品分散独立决策供应链系统

摘要

现有的商业信用条件下有关于易变质品的库存模型的研究文献,通常假设供应商给零售商的信用期M是固定的,还有一些是假设需求是固定的或受价格影响的,较少地讨论下游的需求是受信用期影响.但是在现实生活中,零售商提供给顾客的信用期Ⅳ对需求会有较大的影响,Ⅳ越长,顾客可能购买的商品越多,对商品的需求就越大,尤其是对于手头上资金不充足的顾客更是如此.而供应商给零售商的信用期M一般是根据订购批量Q的大小来确定的.订购批量越大,供应商愿意提供的信用期就越长.通过考虑信用期Ⅳ对需求的影响以及定购批量Q对信用期M的影响,建立了分散独立决策库存系统的数学模型,通过分析对象的利润最大化,用近似替代的方法确定了最优订购周期T、最优订购批量Q以及信用期M.同时,给出了分散独立决策库存系统求解近似算法.最后进行了数值分析和敏感性分析来探讨和分析建立的模型.并从中得到了一些结论和管理启示.%With existing inventory models for deteriorating items under trader credit,it was assumed that the credit period M offered by supplier is fixed,or that the demand rate is constant or price-linked,but few of studies considers that demand rate is affected by credit period.However,in reality,credit period N has an effect on demand,and supplier offers credit period M according to the order quantity.Customers buy more items if a retailer gives more credit period,especially for those who lack money at that time,and a retailer orders a larger quantity if more credit period is offered by a supplier.A decentralized inventory model is proposed under credit-linked demands and with the credit period offered by the supplier depending on retailer's order quantity.Consequently,the problem of determining the optimal credit period M,the optimal order cycle time T,and economic order quantity Q,is dealt with to maximize retailer and supplier's profit per unit time.For a special case with deteriorating rate being zero,approximate solutions are developed.Numerical examples and sensitive analysis of the major parameters are presented to illustrate the proposed models.In the analysis,some conclusions are obtained with enlightenment.