Graduate School of Engineering;
Osaka University;
Yamadaoka 2-1;
Suita;
Osaka 565-0871;
Japan;
School of Geography;
South China Normal University;
Guangzhou 510631;
China;
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology;
International Institute for Earth System Science;
Nanjing University;
Nanjing 210023;
Jiangsu;
China;
Department of Geography and Regional Research;
University of Vienna;
Vienna 1010;
Austria;
Machine learning; Natural hazards; Information change rate; Discretization method;