胡瓜钝绥螨控制大棚甜椒烟粉虱的研究

摘要

在我国山东省寿光市的蔬菜基地开展利用胡瓜钝绥螨控制日光大棚甜椒烟粉虱的研究.结果表明:(1)胡瓜钝绥螨能够捕食烟粉虱卵、成虫、若虫和伪蛹.在(25±1)℃、(30±1)℃、(35±1)℃下胡瓜钝绥螨以烟粉虱为猎物的发育历期与其取食柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri(Mc Gregor)和二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae(Koch)的发育历期的差异不显著.胡瓜钝绥螨捕食烟粉虱卵、成虫、若虫和伪蛹产卵量低,仅为取食叶螨(红蜘蛛)的产卵量10%～15%;(2)释放胡瓜钝绥螨的生防区在释放后30 d内对烟粉虱种群控制效果为92.9%～93.6%第40d后一直维持在61.1%～67.9%;常规化学防治效果30 d之内分别为30.7%～50.1%,40 d后在55.1%～60.7%;(3)释放胡瓜钝绥螨的生防区比常规化防区减少农药使用10次;(4)在甜椒的整个生长季节(270 d)中释放胡瓜钝绥螨3次,苗期每次每株释放5～10头,结果期每次每株释放20～30头.%The study was conducted on vegetable base in plastic greenhouse of Shouguang, Shandong Province, China. The results showed that: ①. The predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris could prey on all stages of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) . The difference of developmental period of N. cucumeris feeding on prey among B. tabaci, Panonychuscitri ( (Mc Gregor) and Tetranychusurticae (Koch) at (25±1)℃、 (30±1)℃、 (35±1)℃ temperature, which is not significant. The fecundity of N. cucuneris feeding on all stage of whitefly is 10％-15％ lower than preying on spider mite P. citri or T. urtica; ②After the 30th, and 40th day from predator' s release the efficiency of N. cucumeris achieved 92.9％-93.6％, 61.12％-67.9％, respectively. Whereas the efficiency of chemical application obtained 30. 7 ％-50. 1％ and 55.1％-60.7 ％, respectively. ③Ten times of chemical application had been reduced in bio-control greenhouse compared with chemical application greenhouse. ④ Three times release of N. cucumeris were done during whole season (270 days) of sweet pepper, each time with predator 5 - 10 individuals per plant at seedling stage, 20-30 individuals per plant at fruiting stage.