研究吉林乌拉街镇产的分蘖葱头挥发油提取及其化学成分。采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取挥发油，单因素实验进行工艺条件优化研究，通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行了分析。从分蘖葱头挥发油中分离出48个色谱峰，鉴定出28个化合物，已鉴定的化合物占总峰面积的87.94%、挥发油化合物总数的58.33%。其主要成分是甲基丙基二硫醚、甲基烯丙基二硫醚、二甲基三硫醚、甲基烯丙基三硫醚、二丙基三硫醚、丙基戊基二硫醚、丙基己基二硫醚类含硫化合物。同时蒸馏提取最优工艺条件为：温浸温度20℃，温浸时间1 h，萃取剂用量60 mL，萃取时间4 h。最优条件下，挥发油得率为0.78%，含硫化合物含量83.51%。分蘖葱头挥发油多数成分首次从分蘖葱头中分离得到。同时蒸馏提取与传统水蒸气蒸馏法相比，分蘖葱头挥发油得率和含硫化合物含量均相对较高。% To study extraction and chemical constituents of the volatile oil of tillering onion from Jilin Wula. The tillering onion volatile oil was extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction , and the optimum process conditions were investigated by One-factor experimental design. The chemical composition analysis of tillering onion volatile oil of was carried out by GC-MS. 48 peaks were separated from volatile oil and 28 compounds were identified. These compounds identified took up 87.94%of total areas and 58.33%of all compounds. The main components of tillering onion volatile oil were sulfocompounds such as methylpropyldisulfide , methyl 2-propenyldisulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, methyl 2-propenyl trisulfide, dipropyl trisulfide, propylpentyldisulfide, and propylhexyldisulfide. The optimum conditions of simultaneous distillation extraction were soaking temperature 20 ℃,soaking time 1 h,dosage of solvent 60 mL,and extraction time 4 h. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of volatile oil was up to 0.78%and sulfur compounds content was 83.51%. Most of them were separated and identified from tillering onion for the first time. Compared with the traditional steam distillation, the yield of volatile oil and sulfur compounds content were relatively higher by simultaneous distillation extraction.
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