盐度、温度对中华虎头蟹溞状幼体存活及变态的影响

摘要

The effects of sharp and gradual changes in salinity (5 ,10 ,15 ,20 ,25 ,30 ,35 ,40 ,and 45) and temperature (0 ,5 ,10 ,15 ,20 ,25 ,30 ,35 ,and 40 ℃)on survival and metamorphosis in zoea of Chinese tiger crab Orithyia sinica were studied in a biochemical incubator by testing recovery to evaluate the adaptability of salinity and temperature by SPSS17 .0 .The results showed that the sudden and gradual changes in salinity and temperature led to significantly affect the larval survival and metamorphosis ( P<0 .01) . There was higher metamorphosis rate in gradual change groups than that in the sharp change groups except in the gradual change group at 25 ℃ .There was no significant difference in the tolerant capacity of salinity and temperature in zoea Ⅱ and zoea Ⅲ ,significantly higher than those in zoea Ⅰ .No significant difference in survival rate was observed in the zoea under sudden and gradual changes in salinity and temperature during recovery when the salinity and temperature were changed from 25 to other gradient at a rate of five degrees a day .The zoea showed a trend of increasing recovery capacity from zoea Ⅲ >zoeaⅡ >zoea Ⅰ .%在生化培养箱中，分别设置5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45共9个盐度梯度及0、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40℃9个温度梯度，借助SPSS 17．0分析骤变、渐变及恢复试验结果对中华虎头蟹溞状幼体存活及变态的影响，探讨中华虎头蟹溞状幼体对盐度、温度的适应性。试验结果显示，骤变、渐变试验中，盐度、温度对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期溞状幼体存活率及变态率的影响均达到极显著水平（ P＜0．01）；除25℃组外，其余盐度、温度渐变组变态率全部高于骤变组；Ⅱ、Ⅲ期溞状幼体耐盐、耐温及变态能力差异不大，但均显著高于Ⅰ期溞状幼体。骤变、渐变恢复试验中，盐度25和温度25℃以5/24 h的变幅恢复至其他梯度时，均不显著影响Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期溞状幼体的存活率；溞状幼体的恢复能力Ⅰ期＜Ⅱ期＜Ⅲ期，但差异不大。