桦褐孔菌多糖对凡纳滨对虾生长和血清免疫相关酶活性的影响

摘要

选取450尾体质量为（0．52±0．01） g的凡纳滨对虾，随机分为5组，分别投喂基础饲料和添加4种桦褐孔菌多糖（多糖1、多糖2、多糖3、多糖4）的试验饲料，添加量为1000 mg／kg ，饲养期28 d ，以研究桦褐孔菌液体发酵多糖对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫及抗氧化相关酶活性的影响。结果显示，与对照组相比，多糖2、多糖3、多糖4组对虾的质量增加率、特定生长率显著升高（P＜0．05），饲料系数显著降低（P＜0．05），多糖4组对虾的摄食量和成活率显著升高（P＜0．05）。各组对虾的肥满度和肝胰腺指数差异不显著（P＞0．05）。与对照组相比，多糖1～多糖4组对虾粗脂肪含量显著升高（P＜0．05），多糖2～多糖4组虾体灰分含量、多糖2和多糖4组对虾血清尿酸含量分别显著降低（P＜0．05）；多糖3与多糖4组对虾血清溶菌酶活性、总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组（P＜0．05），多糖4组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其他各组（P＜0．05）；各添加组血清酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、抗超氧阴离子活性均高于对照组，但差异不显著（P＞0．05）；与对照组相比，各添加组血清丙二醛含量均有不同程度降低，其中多糖4组达到显著水平（P＜0．05）。试验结果表明，饲料中添加4种不同发酵工艺提取的桦褐孔菌多糖可显著提高凡纳滨对虾幼虾的生长性能，提高血清溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和总抗氧化能力，降低血清丙二醛含量，其中桦褐孔菌多糖4组的作用效果最显著。%A total of 450 individuals of Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with initial body weight of (0 .52 ± 0 .01) g was randomly allocated into 5 groups and fed the basal diet (control group) and the basal diet supplemented with four different Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides (IPO1 ,IPO2 ,IPO3and IPO4) at a rate of 1000 mg/kg diet for 28 days to evaluate the effects of the Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides on grow th performance ,serum biochemical indices ,non-specific immunity and activities of related antioxidant enzymes .It was found that there were significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR) , specific growth rate (SGR) and significantly lower feed coefficient (FC) in IPO2 ,IPO3 ,and IPO4 than those in control group (P< 0 .05) .The shrimp in IPO4 had significantly higher food intake (FI) ,and survival rate (SR) than those in control group ( P<0 .05) .No significant differences in condition factors (CF) and hepato-somatic indices (HSI) were found among all groups (P>0 .05) .There were significantly higher crude lipid contents in the shrimp in IPO1 ,IPO2 ,IPO3 ,and IPO4 than that in control group (P<0 .05) .However ,there were significantly lower in ash contents in the shrimp in IPO 2 ,IPO3 ,and IPO4 , and significantly lower in serum uric acid (UA) contents in the shrimp in IPO2 ,and IPO4 (P<0 .05) . Serum lysozyme (LSZ) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were shown to be increased significantly in IPO3 and IPO4 (P<0 .05) ,and the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity be significantly higher in the shrimp in IPO4 than that in the others ( P<0 .05) .Dietary Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides led to increase in serum phenol oxidase (PO ) ,superoxide dismutase (SOD ) ,anti-superoxide anion (anti-O2-) activities ,without significant difference ( P>0 .05) .Serum malondialdehyde (MDA ) content was found significantly lower in IPO4 than that in control group (P< 0 .05) .In conclusion ,four dietary Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides result in improvement of grow th performance and increase in activities of serum lysozyme ,total antioxidant capacity ,and alkaline phosphatase ,and in decrease in serum malondialdehyde content in the shrimp ,especially the Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide .