A 80 day feeding trial was conducted in 3 ponds to investigate the effect of probiotics on body composition ,serum biochemical parameters ,digestive enzyme activity and intestinal flora in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio Var .Jian) with initial body weight of (242 ± 9 .6) g .Jian carp juveniles were stocked into three 1334 m2 ponds without the probiotics (control group ,CG ) ,and with the probiotics (group Ⅰ ,ⅠG) and (group Ⅱ ,ⅡG) at stocking density of 20850 fish/hm2 ,and fed diet containing the probiotics inⅠG at feeding rate of 2% -4% three times a day .The water quality was monitored in the wa-ter periodically .The results showed that there was significantly lower crude fat in the hepatopancreas and serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the juveniles in ⅠG and ⅡG than those in CG(P<0.05) .There were significantly higher total protein and activities of amylase and lipase in ⅠG and ⅡG than those in CG (P<0 .05) .The alkaline protease in IG was significantly higher than in CG (P<0 .05) , and there was no difference in acid proteinase activity (P>0 .05) .There were 12 ,18 ,and 16 bands in the juvenles in CG ,Ⅰ G and Ⅱ G ,respectively ,with preponderant band .The similarity coefficients were 54.5% between ⅠG and probiotics ,55 .1% betweenⅡG and probiotics ,70 .2% between ⅠG and CG , 67.3% betweenⅡG and CG .The 13 bands by gel extraction ,cloning ,sequencing and alignment in NCBI revealed that the intestinal flora in Jian carp was primarily comprised of Bacilli , Spirochaetes ,β-Pro-teobacteria ,Clostridia ,andγ-Proteobacteria .It was concluded that the addition of probiotics can influence the metabolism of fish ,change the composition of body ,enhance the immunity and the activity of digestive enzyme to some extent ,and affect the composition of intestinal flora in jian carp ,which will promote the application of probiotics in aquaculture .%本研究探讨了饲料中添加和水体使用微生态制剂对建鲤体成分、血清指标、消化酶活性以及肠道菌群组成的影响.试验用建鲤初始体质量(242 ± 9 .6) g ,3口面积0 .13 hm2的池塘 ,分为对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组 ,养殖密度为20 850尾/hm2 ,饲喂同一种商品饲料 ,其中Ⅰ组投喂时拌合微生态制剂并在水体中施用 ,Ⅱ组水体中使用微生态制剂 ,每日按总鱼体质量百分比2% ~4% ,投喂3次 ,养殖80 d ,并监测水质.试验结果表明 ,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组肝脏粗脂肪显著低于对照组(P<0 .05);血清指标方面 ,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组建鲤谷丙转氨酶比对照组低 ,其中Ⅰ组显著低于对照组(P<0 .05) ,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组总蛋白高于对照组 ,Ⅰ组与对照组差异显著(P<0 .05);肠道酶活方面 ,Ⅱ组的碱性蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组 ,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0 .05) ,各组的酸性蛋白酶活性差异不显著(P>0 .05);提取建鲤肠道菌群D N A ,分析建立指纹图谱 ,对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别产生了12、18、16条可鉴别条带 ,均存在优势种群条带. Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组与微生态制剂的相似性系数分别为54 .5% 、55 .1% ,与对照组的相似性系数分别为70 .2% 、67 .3% ;对变形梯度凝胶电泳指纹图谱主要条带进一步回收、克隆和测序 ,结果共得到13条序列 ,将得到的序列在美国国立生物技术信息中心数据库中进行同源分析 ,发现建鲤肠道菌群归为芽孢杆菌纲、螺旋体纲、β-变形菌纲、梭菌纲、γ-变形菌纲等.研究结果发现 ,使用微生态制剂可影响鱼体代谢 ,改变体成分 ,一定程度上增强免疫机能和提高消化酶活性 ,改变建鲤肠道菌群结构 ,这为微生态制剂在水产养殖中的应用提供一定的依据.
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