投喂方式对工业化养殖半滑舌鳎生长、摄食、免疫及水质的影响

摘要

在封闭循环水养殖条件下，通过4×2双因素随机设计动物56 d试验，即4种月饱食度水平（80％、90％、100％、110％）、2种日粮次投喂比例（差量：42∶29∶29；等量：1∶1∶1），共进行8个处理，每处理3个重复，探寻月饱食度和日粮次投喂比例对工厂化养殖半滑舌鳎幼鱼（291．47±4．23） g生长、摄食、水质、免疫的影响，确定兼顾生长、经济和生态效益的适宜投喂模式。试验结果表明，（1）月饱食度极显著影响半滑舌鳎的质量日增加、特定生长率和日均摄食量等（P＜0．01），日粮次投喂比例显著影响质量日增加、特定生长率和饲料系数等（ P＜0．05）。差量投喂时，100％饱食度组比80％饱食度组的质量日增加、特定生长率分别极显著提高53．68％、37．31％；等量投喂时，100％饱食度组比80％饱食度组的质量日增加、特定生长率分别极显著提高43．73％、36．11％；质量日增加在等量投喂、月饱食度100％组合时达到最大值（3．60±0．18） g／d。（2）月饱食度和日粮次投喂比对水体氨氮相对含量均有极显著影响（P＜0．01），差量和等量投喂110％饱食度组比90％饱食度组分别显著增加72．22％（ P＜0．05）、117．77％（ P＜0.01）。（3）月饱食度和日粮次投喂比对试验鱼血清溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性均无显著影响。试验结果显示，90％月饱食度组与差量投喂为兼顾生长和水环境的生态适宜投喂组合模式，100％月饱食度组与等量投喂为获得最快生长的投喂组合模式，试验投喂方式对试验鱼免疫指标影响不大。%The 5 × 2 two‐factor random animal experiment was conducted in the industrial culture condition with closed recirculation aquaculture system for 56 days to investigate the effect of monthly satiation de‐gree (MSD) and daily feeding ratio(DFR) on growth ,water quality ,food intake and immunity of juvenile halfsmoth tongue‐sole Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther with body weight of (291 .47 ± 4 .23) g and to ex‐plore an optimal feeding mode to improve efficiency of economy and ecology .The juveniles were fed at four levels of 80% ,90% ,100% ,and 110% of M SD and tw o levels of DFR including 3 times a day at a ratio of 42(first)∶29 (second)∶29(third) ,and 1∶1∶1 ,equal amount each time ,with 8 triplicate treatments . The results showed that MSD had very significant effect on daily weight gain (DWG) ,specific growth rate (SGR) and daily food intake(DFI) (P<0 .01) ,and that DFR also had significant effect on DWG ,SGR and food conversion ratio (FCR)(P<0.05) .Under inequality feeding ,there were 53 .68% higher DWG and 37 .31% higher SGR in 100% MSD than 80% MSD (P<0 .01) .In equality feeding ,however ,there were 43 .73% higher DWG and 36 .11% higher SGR in 100% MSD than 80% MSD (P<0.01) ,with the maxi‐mal daily weigh gain (3 .60 ± 0 .18) g under 100% MSD and equality feeding .Both MAD and DFR showed significant effect on the relative concentration of ammonia in water (P<0 .01) .There were 72 .22% higher (inequality feeding) (P<0 .05) and 117 .77% higher (equality feeding)(P<0.01)relative concentration of ammonia at 110% level than 90% level ,the maximal concentration of ammonia at 110% level .Both DFR and MSD had no significant effect on activities of lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) .It is conclu‐ded that feeding of 90% monthly satiation degree with different amount feeding is suitable for both grow th and water environment ,and that the combination feeding of 100% monthly satiation degree with equiva‐lence feeding is used for the best grow th .