中草药体外抑杀大鲵致病性豚鼠气单胞菌的药效研究

摘要

筛选对大鲵致病性豚鼠气单胞菌有抑菌作用的中草药。采用琼脂打孔法，测定中草药在不同pH值时对大鲵致病性豚鼠气单胞菌的体外抑菌圈效果。使用二倍稀释法，测定中草药在不同pH值时对大鲵致病性豚鼠气单胞菌的最小抑菌质量浓度和最小杀菌质量浓度。试验结果表明，200种中草药对大鲵致病性豚鼠气单胞菌的抑菌效果各不相同，其中135种中草药具有一定抑菌作用，其余65种无抑菌作用，而不同pH值时抑菌效果亦有所不同。药液为酸性时，乌梅、五味子、五倍子及诃子的抑菌效果极强，抑菌圈明显。135种中草药对豚鼠气单胞菌的最小抑菌质量浓度和最小杀菌质量浓度亦有所差异，其中，诃子、五倍子、石榴皮、大黄及槐角的最小抑菌质量浓度小于1 mg／mL ，抑菌作用最强。本试验筛选出具有很强抑菌作用的中草药。%Chinese herbal medicines against pathogenic Aeromonas caviae were screened for cultured giant salamander Andrias davidianus in vitro .Effects of pH values on inhibition against A .caviae by Chinese herbal medicines were studied by agar plate diffusion method ,including the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of single drug and the compounds against pathogenic A .caviae by agar double dilution method .It was found that 200 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines had different antibacterial effects on the pathogenic bacterium ,135 kinds showing to some extent antibacterial activity ,and 65 kinds showing no antibacterial activity .Terminalia chebula Retz ,Rhus chinensis Mil ,Punica granate ,Rheum palmatum and Sophora j aponica had the minimum MIC and the minimum MBC of less than 1 .0 mg/mL . Terminalia chebula Retz ,Rhus chinensis Mil ,Schisandra chinensis and Dendranthema morifolium showed inhibitory and bactericidal actions against A .caviae at pH near acidity .The findings provide a theoretical basis with exploitation of efficient ,safe and environmental friend drugs against pathogenic bacteria in giant salamander .