乳山近海渔业资源种类组成及变化

摘要

CPUE(catch per unit effort),species composition and community diversity of the fishery resources were analyzed based on the data from trawler fishing logs in the coastal waters of Rushan from 2013 to 2015.The results showed that a total of 36 species were caught, including 19 orders and 28 families, of which 26 fish species were composed of warm temperate species.In addition, there were 4 species of shrimps and crabs, 4 species of cephalopods, 1 species of jellyfish and 1 species of shellfish.The dominant species were obviously different during 2013-2015.Japanese spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius was dominant species in the three years and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus was dominant in 2014 and 2015, and Liparis chefuensis was dominant species in 2013 and 2015.The fisheries production has clear spring fishing season and autumn fishing season, which concentrated in April, May, September and November.The catches were increased gradually from 2013 to 2015, but it was still less than the amount in history.Changing tendency of diversity index and evenness index was similar.Diversity index and richness index were higher in autumn.The composition and construction of fishery species were more similar in autumn and spring from 2013 to 2015.%根据2013-2015年乳山近海拖网渔船的渔捞日志,分析了乳山近海的单位捕捞努力量渔获量、渔获种类组成及生物多样性等特征.结果表明:(1)乳山近海渔获物共有36种,隶属于 19目28科33属.其中鱼类有26种,虾蟹类 4种,头足类 4种,水母类1种,贝类1种.(2)2013-2015年全年优势种差异明显.其中,蓝点马鲛3年均为优势种,鳀鱼是2014年和2015年优势种,网纹狮子鱼为2013年和2015年的优势种.(3)乳山近海渔获物主要集中在休渔期前后的4-5月、9-11月,渔业生产存在明显的春汛和秋汛.2013-2015年乳山近海单位捕捞努力量渔获量逐年增加,但与历史单位捕捞努力量渔获量相比还是存在明显下降;多样性指数和均匀度指数变化趋势一致,多样性指数和丰富度指数较高值出现在秋季;春汛和秋汛期间,渔业资源种属组成及群落结构相似性较高.