Objective To study the performance optimization of mortar at a SiO2 aerogel particles volume replacement ratio of 30%, in order to improve the thermal insulation performance and environmental adaptability. Methods With the method of orthogonal experiment, fiber, air-entraining agent and powder were added into the mortar to improve the insulation performance, and the density, mechanical properties, water absorption, especially the thermal conductivity of mortar were compared to study the influence of different doping ratio. Results When the dosages of fiber, air-entraining agent and powder were 0.2%, 0.05%and 1%respectively, the thermal conductivity was the lowest (0.3177 W/m·K). At this time, the density of mortar was 1751.6 kg/m3, the compressive strength and flexural strength were 13.4 MPa and 8.02 MPa, the water absorption was 7.19%, and the thermal conductivity was 0.3177 W/m·K. Conclusion By adding fiber, air-entraining agent and powder, the performance of mortar was improved to a certain degree, its density changed within a smaller range, the flexural strength largely increased, and the thermal conductivity reduced within a certain range.%目的：研究SiO2气凝胶颗粒体积替换比在30%前提下砂浆性能的优化，提高其保温性能和环境适应性。方法采用正交实验的方法，通过向砂浆中添加纤维、引气剂和胶粉来改善砂浆的保温性能，并对比研究各掺杂比例对砂浆密度、力学性能、吸水率，尤其是对砂浆导热系数的影响。结果当纤维、引气剂和胶粉的掺量（质量分数）分别为0.2%，0.05%和1%时，导热系数达到最低，λ=0.3177 W/（m·K），此时，砂浆的密度为1751.6 kg/m3，抗压强度和抗折强度分别为13.4 MPa和8.02 MPa，吸水率为7.19%，导热系数为0.3177 W/（m·K）。结论通过添加纤维、引气剂和胶粉，砂浆的性能得到一定程度的改善，其密度在较小的范围内变化，抗折强度提高较大，导热系数在一定范围内降低。
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