厌氧生物反应器工艺特性与关键技术研究

摘要

This paper introduces the process types and technical characteristics of anaerobic bioreactor.The advantages and limitations of different types of anaerobic bioreactor were analyzed.Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor,a mature anaerobic reactor,was developed for a long time.Expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor had a higher lift flow rate and better resistant capacity to shock loading than UASB reactor.The volume load of IC reactor could reach 35~50 kgCOD/(m3·d).Some key problems of anaerobic system were discussed from the point of view of process design and operation control of anaerobic process,including starting and operation management,formation mechanism of anaerobic granular sludge,design of three-phase separator,biological inhibition and new technology trend.%文章概述了厌氧生物反应器的主要工艺类型及其技术特点,分析了不同类型厌氧生物反应器的优势和局限性。UASB反应器是开发较早且应用较成熟的厌氧反应器,EGSB反应器比UASB反应器具有更高的升流速度和耐冲击负荷能力,IC反应器的容积负荷可达到35～50 kgCOD/（m3.d）。从厌氧过程的工艺设计和运行控制角度出发,论述了厌氧系统启动和操作管理、厌氧颗粒污泥形成机理、三相分离器设计、生物抑制作用及新技术发展趋向等若干关键问题。