南方稀土冶炼废水的特点及其处理技术研究

摘要

A large amount of waste water is produced in the separation process of rare earth refining, and the main pollutants in it are ammonia nitrogen, oil, COD and heavy metal.The serious water pollution would be caused if the wastewater is discharged directly without disposal.The characteristics of wastewater are described in the process of rare earth refining.The treatment technology of ammonia nitrogen wastewater by rare earth refining is introduced emphatically, including the evaporation crystallization method, ammonia stripping, breakpoint chlorination, chemical precipitation, ion exchange method and membrane separation method.The applicability and disadvantages of various techniques and research prospects on the wastewater treatment technology are analyzed.%稀土冶炼分离过程产生大量的废水,废水中的主要污染物为氨氮、油类、COD和重金属离子等,如果不经处理直接排放,对水体会造成严重的污染.基于稀土冶炼分离工艺,阐述了稀土冶炼废水的特征,重点介绍了现有的稀土冶炼氨氮废水处理技术,包括蒸发浓缩结晶法、吹脱法、折点氯化法、化学沉淀法、离子交换法和膜分离法,分析了各种处理技术的适用性及优缺点,并对稀土冶炼分离废水处理技术进行了展望.