工程机械涂装研究和应用进展及发展趋势

摘要

The research and application progress of engineering machinery coating were reviewed from aspects of variation of coating function and developments of coating pretreatment and painting processes. The characteristics of current coating processes for engineering machinery were summarized as follows: in aspect of coating function, the decoration function and identification function were highlighted while maintaining the corrosion protection function; automatic shot blasting was widely applied to moderate and thick structural plates in pretreatment process while the phosphating process was basically used in thin metal plates to improve the pretreatment quality;for paints, electrophoretic coating and powder coating were employed, and a primer-topcoat-in-one coating was developed; in aspect of coating process, the spraying with gas mixture and electrostatic spraying with high production efficiency and high paint utilization efficiency were applied, and the shot blasting–paint spraying integration process, topcoating of components and parts prior to assembly, puttying first and then spraying primer, as well as primer and topcoat integration process were developed based on traditional solvent-type coating, and the electrophoretic coating and powder coating processes were introduced; in coating quality management, the standards for coating quality management were constituted and coating appearance and performance indices were quantified. The development trend of engineering machinery coating was presented.%从涂装功能变化、涂装前处理工艺及涂料与喷涂工艺的发展等方面对工程机械涂装研究和应用进展进行了综述，总结了当前工程机械涂装工艺特点：在涂装功能上，在保持防锈保护功能的同时，突出装饰功能和标识功能；在前处理方面，中厚板结构件广泛采用自动抛丸工艺，薄板件基本采用磷化工艺，使前处理质量更好；在涂料方面，引入了电泳涂料和粉末涂料，并开发了底面合一涂料；在涂装工艺方面，采用生产效率和涂料利用率高的混气喷涂和静电喷涂工艺，并在传统溶剂型涂料涂装工艺的基础上，开发了抛丸-喷漆一体化工艺、零部件面漆化工艺、先刮腻子后喷底漆工艺和底面合一涂料涂装工艺，同时引入电泳涂装和粉末涂装工艺；在涂装质量管理方面，制定了涂装质量管理标准，并对涂层外观、性能指标进行了量化。指出了工程机械涂装的发展趋势。