自起动实心转子永磁电机性能分析计算与优化

摘要

To determine the no-load parameters and the starting-up capability of a Line-start Permanent-magnet Synchronous Motor ( LSPMSM ) are the fundamentals of a motor optimization design process. It was commonly recognized that the magnetic circuit method had a lower accuracy compared to FEA method, the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were all analyzed taking a 22kW LSPMSM as an example. The two methods were applied to analysis the no-load air-gap flux density, back-EMF, starting-up torque and the minimum torque during the starting-up process. It was confirmed that the FEA method had a sufficient accuracy by comparing the test results and the analyzed ones. And then, the FEA method was used to optimize the air-gap length and the width of magnet, a new topology was worked out having better performance. The analysis method and the analyzed results could be treated as important references for a further optimization design.%针对现阶段单纯基于磁路法计算精度相对不高的问题，研究了磁路法和时步有限元法的优势和不足。以一台22 kW实心转子永磁电机为例，分别采用两种方法计算了在空载情况下电机的气隙磁密、空载感应电势以及负载情况下的起动转矩、最小转矩等性能指标；并对该样机部分性能指标进行实测。对比实测与计算结果表明，有限元方法准确可靠。进而试算了在不同气隙大小及不同磁钢宽度时电机的性能，提出改进方案，为永磁电机的优化设计提供了重要参考。