Epidemiological, Clinical, Paraclinical and Prognostic Profile of Children Aged 0 to 5 Years with Cerebral Palsy in Medical Department of Niamey National Hospital (NNH)

摘要

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disorder of childhood according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It is much more common in premature infants. The majority of fixed organic lesions occur during the development of the central nervous system. Objective: To study the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and prognostic profile of children aged 0 to 5 years with Cerebral Palsy (CP) seen in consultation in the medical neurology department of the National Hospital of Niamey. Methods: This was a transverse descriptive study with prospective collection of patient records (0 - 5 years) over a 6-month period. Results: During our study, 100 children aged 0 to 5 years had to be consulted. The prevalence was 61%. 62.3% of patients were male. The mean age was 2.01 years. The majority of the patients were from the urban area (63.93%). Almost half of the mothers had no schooling. 4.92% of patients were from consanguineous marriages. Pregnancies were monitored with at least 4 prenatal visit in 86.98% of cases and 83.61% of children were born at term. In 75.41% of cases, patients were born by eutocic delivery. In 36.07% of cases, the patients were resuscitated at birth. Fetal distress was present in 29.5%. Seizures were present in 49.18% of the patients of which 50% were generalized. Tonicity was not good in 35.15% and among them 52.63% had hypertonia. 18.03% of patients had a motor deficit. For 34.43% of the patients the first nerve was affected, followed by the third nerve with 13.11%. 65.57% of the patients had fixed retardation and for 78.69% of the patients the retardation was homogeneous. Neuromalaria, meningitis and hydrocephalus were the most incriminated causes of delay in 63.51%, 19.67% and 18.03% of cases respectively. Anticonvulsants and psychoanaleptics were the most used in 49.18% and 32.79% of cases respectively. 32.79% of patients had received motor rehabilitation. All mothers had received psychotherapy. Conclusion: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a pathology that is gaining ground and whose management is multidisciplinary. However, preventive measures are quite effective to limit the risks of their occurrence.