核电用奥氏体不锈钢表面铁素体污染的影响及对策

摘要

Austenitic stainless steels are widely used as important structural materials in nuclear power industry. The surfaces of austenitic stainless steel components are readily contaminated by iron during fabrication if they are in contact with ferritic steels, and that may affect the working stability of components and the w~ter chemistry of nuclear power plants. The in~luence o~ iron contamination on the corrosion resistance o~ austenitic stainless steels, safety reliability of nuclear power equipment and water chemistry is briefly described. The rules for avoiding surface iron contamination are summarized according to nuclear and relevant industry standards. Testing methods and removal methods for surface iron contamination of austenitic stainless steels are proposed. It is summarized and suggested how to solve the iron contamination at present effectively.%奥氏体不锈钢作为一种重要的结构材料被广泛应用于核电行业，然而在不锈钢零部件制造过程中若与铁素体钢接触，易产生表面铁素体污染，影响零部件正常工作的稳定性以及核电站水化学工况。本文介绍了铁素体污染对奥氏体不锈钢耐腐蚀性能、核电设备安全可靠性以及水化学工况的影响；总结了核标准及行业标准对避免奥氏体不锈钢表面铁素体污染的规定，并阐述了铁素体污染的检测及清除方法；对有效解决铁素体污染问题进行了总结和展望。