Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Building Health Monitoring and Disaster Prevention in Full-Life-Cycle Yangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 ChinaGansu Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China;
Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Building Health Monitoring and Disaster Prevention in Full-Life-Cycle Yangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou Gansu 730050 China;
School of Civil Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou Gansu 730050 China;
sulfate saline soil; freeze−thaw cycles; load; salt-frost heave;