Objective To investigate the causes and clinical features of misdiagnosis of lumbar disc degenerative dis-eases. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a hospital database, including all patients admitted to the depart-ment of orthopaedic surgery of General Hospital of PLA Navy, with a diagnosis of lumbar disc degenerative diseases and subse-quent diagnosis of other diseases during January 2007 and December 2011. Results All the patients were found with low back pain syndrome, misdiagnosed as lumbar degenerative diseases including 18 cases of disc herniation, 8 cases of lumbar stenosis, 6 cases of discogenic low back pain, 2 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis and 2 cases of lumbar joints abnormality. Definite diagnoses were primary spinal tumor (4 cases), metastatic tumor (3 cases), arterial occlusion of lower extremity (3 cases), sacroiliitis (3 cases), lumbar tuberculosis (5 cases), avascular necrosis of femoral head (6 cases), osteoarthrosis of hip (6 cases), etc. All patients underwent specific treatments after the exact diagnosis and showed obvious improvement. Conclusion Because low back pain syndrome may be misdiagnosed as disc degenerative diseases such as inflammation, tumor and blood vessel diseases, at an early stage, therefore a careful understanding of history and neurological examination, including impulse test is mandatory to maximally reduce the misdiagnosis rate.%目的：探讨腰腿痛症候群的背景疾病，以及与腰椎退行性疾病的鉴别诊断要点。方法对我科2007年1月—2011年12月误诊为腰椎退行性疾病36例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组均以腰腿痛症候群为主诉，分别在本院及外院误诊，误诊疾病：腰椎间盘突出症18例，腰椎管狭窄症8例，椎间盘源性下腰痛6例，腰椎滑脱及腰椎小关节紊乱各2例。最终确诊疾病：股骨头缺血性坏死及髋关节骨性关节炎各6例，腰椎结核5例，腰椎管内肿瘤4例，腰椎转移性恶性肿瘤、下肢动脉闭塞、骶髂关节炎各3例，胸椎间盘突出及胸椎黄韧带骨化症各2例，胸椎管肿瘤及坐骨神经疱疹性神经炎各1例。误诊时间1个月~3年。确诊前所有病例均予针对性保守治疗，确诊后予有效治疗，症状均有不同程度改善。结论炎症、肿瘤、血管病变等多种疾病均可导致相似的腰腿痛症候群。只有抛开先入为主的主观臆断，详细询问病史、认真全面查体、合理选择辅助检查措施，才可能将误诊率降至最低。
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