中医门诊医患会话中批评话语分析的研究∗

摘要

Critical Discourse Analysis ( CDA) attempts to uncover the inequality in social reality and the way language presents power and ideology through the analysis of language features. Systemic functional linguistics ( SFL) focuses on the dialectical relationship between language and society and has been considered an important approach and theoretical basis to CDA. Doctors in Chinese medical clinic follow the Four Diagnostic Methods, within which the inquiry diagnosis strongly shows the fact that doctor and patient clash over the ideology and strug-gle for the power via language. The study carries out CDA on doctor-patient discourse in Chinese medical clinic within the theoretical framework of SFL from four aspects including nominalization, classification, transitivity and mood, which verifies that the language is the product of asymmetric power between doctor and patient. It is hoped that the paper would provide insight into CDA on doctor-patient discourse and would be of theoretical meaning.%批评话语分析旨在通过对语言特征的分析，揭示社会现实中的不平等现象以及语言呈现权力和意识形态的方式。系统功能语言学关注语言与社会的辩证关系，被认为是批评话语分析的重要方法和理论基础。中医门诊遵循“望、闻、问、切”的原则，其中问诊是医患通过语言发生意识形态碰撞与权力较量的有力体现。试图在系统功能语言学的理论框架下，从名物化、分类、及物性和情态系统四个方面对中医门诊医患会话的语言特征作出分析，证实语言是医患不对等权力的产物，从而为医患会话的批评话语分析提供一个新的视角。