出于制造工艺的考虑，传统水润滑橡胶艉轴承轴瓦各处硬度相同。然而，在螺旋桨悬臂作用的影响下，传统设计中轴瓦各处压力分布非常不均匀，如轴瓦艉部压力远大于其他各处压力，从而影响到艉轴承的各项性能。由此，对传统水润滑橡胶艉轴承橡胶硬度取值进行改进，将其橡胶轴瓦沿轴向分为多个橡胶硬度不同的区域。通过试算和分析，合理设置各区域的长度和橡胶硬度。随后，利用有限元软件建立轴系-艉轴承系统有限元模型，其中使用Mooney-Rivlin本构方程模拟橡胶材料，并利用接触单元建立轴与艉轴承之间的接触关系。计算对比了改进前后某水润滑橡胶艉轴承底部轴瓦与轴接触的压力分布等力学指标。相对于传统橡胶艉轴承而言，改进方案的最大接触压应力减小了25.6%，接触区域沿周向增加了5.8°。结果表明，该艉轴承橡胶轴瓦硬度改进方案能够有效改善艉轴承的接触性能。%With consideration to the manufacturing process, the rubber hardness of traditional rubber stern bearing is unified. However, due to the cantilever effect of propellers, the pressure distribution on tradition-al rubber stern bearings is uneven. In most cases, the tail pressure is higher than that in other locations. This affects the overall performance of stern bearings. Aiming at the problem, this paper reforms the rubber hardness of traditional rubber stern bearings and divides the bearing bush into different categories. Through computation and analysis, a reasonable length of each region and rubber hardness is established. With the help from finite element softwares, the finite element model of shaft-stern bearing is constructed. The Mooney-Rivlin model is then used to simulate rubber materials, and with the contact element analyzed, the contact relation is built between the shaft and stern bearing. The pressure distribution on the traditional rub-ber stern bearing and the improved one is calculated and compared, which reveals that the maximum con-tact stress is reduced by 25.6%, and the contact region is increased by 5.8°. Overall, the proposed method significantly improves the contact properties of stern bearings.
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