葡萄籽原花青素对睡眠呼吸暂停低氧大鼠海马区超微结构及认知功能的影响

摘要

Objective To investigate the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on ultrastructure injury in hippocampous and cognition impairment in rat model of obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia. Methods 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, high and low dose GSPE groups. The control group was exposed in air, while the model group was suffered from intermittent hypoxia conditions (50 ml/L, 8 h everyday, for 2 or 6 weeks), and the GSPE groups accepted GSPE 200 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg 2 weeks respectively before hypoxia. Pathology in hippocampal region was observed under electromicroscope. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected with colorimetry, and apoptotic cells were measured with TUNEL. The cog-nition function of rats was assessed with the Morris water maze (MWM). Results The ultrastructure in hippocampous was significantly in-jured, with the increase of MDA and decrease of SOD (P<0.001) in the model group. The apoptotic cells increased (P<0.001). The escaping latency prolonged (P<0.001) and the frequency of crossing the platform decreased (P<0.001) in MWM test in the model group. Compared with the model group, the GSPE groups decreased in MDA content, increased in SOD level, decreased in apoptotic cells and ultrastructure damages, shortened the escaping latency, and increased the frequency of crossing the platform (P<0.001), especially in the high dose group (P<0.05). Conclusion GSPE can relieve the damage of ultrastructure and improve cognition function after obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia in rats.%目的：探讨葡萄籽原花青素(GSPE)对睡眠呼吸暂停低氧大鼠海马区超微结构及认知功能的影响。方法80只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分成对照组，模型组，GSPE高、低剂量组。对照组暴露于空气中，模型组每天暴露于低氧条件下(50 ml/L)8 h，持续时间2周和6周，GSPE高、低剂量组入舱前2周开始每天分别灌胃给药GSPE 200 mg/kg、100 mg/kg。电镜观察海马区神经细胞超微结构，比色法检测大脑组织丙二醛(MDA)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平，TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞，水迷宫测试动物学习记忆功能。结果模型组海马区超微结构损伤，MDA含量显著升高、SOD活性显著降低、TUNEL阳性细胞显著增多，水迷宫检测动物逃避潜伏期时间显著延长、穿台次数显著减少(P<0.001)；与模型组比较，GSPE各组海马区损伤减轻， MDA含量降低，SOD活性提高，TUNEL阳性细胞减少，水迷宫测试逃避潜伏期时间缩短、穿台次数增多(P<0.05)；高剂量组优于低剂量组(P<0.05)。结论葡萄籽原花青素减轻睡眠呼吸暂停模式低氧大鼠海马区超微结构的损伤，改善认知功能。