Objective To study the value of acelluar dermal matrix xenografts in open mastoidectomy. Methods Data from 128 patients undergoing open mastoidectomy, of which acelluar dermal matrix xenografts were used in 60 patients (the experiment group), were retrospectively reviewed. Mastoid cavity epithelization time was compared between the experiment group and patients who received no acelluar dermal matrix xenografts. Results Compared to patients with no acelluar der⁃mal matrix xenografts, the mastoid cavity of the experiment group was smooth, dry and easy to clean, with an average epithe⁃lization time of 4.2 weeks (in comparison to 11.5 weeks among patients with no acelluar dermal matrix xenografts). The t test showed statistically significant differences in epithelization time between the two groups. Conclusion The application of der⁃mal acelluar matrix xenografts in open mastoidectomy can shorten mastoid cavity epithelialization time, promoting dry ear, enhancing resistance to infection, and lowering recurrence rate.% 目的探讨异种脱细胞真皮基质在开放性乳突根治术中的临床应用及其意义.方法回顾性总结分析128例行开放性乳突根治术的患者病历资料，其中实验组60例术腔应用异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖，对照组68例术腔未应用任何贴覆物.对比两组患者术后术腔愈合情况及上皮化时间.结果术后实验组术腔光滑、渗液少，易清理，平均上皮化时间为4.2周，对照组术腔渗出较多，清理困难、换药频繁，平均上皮化时间11.5周；两组术后上皮化时间行t检验(P<0.001)，差异有统计学意义.结论开放性乳突根治术中异种脱细胞真皮基质贴覆的术腔，上皮化时间短、干耳快，抗感染能力强、减少术后复发.
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