铒微合金化铝合金的研究进展

摘要

Micro alloying is an important way to improve the properties of aluminum alloy, so choosing appropriate elements and controlling the amount of addition to obtain optimum alloying effect were investigated intensively. It was found that Er was a cheap and effective micro alloying element. Nano-scale Al3Er particles form in Er-containing aluminum alloys, and composite phase Al3(ZrxEr1-x) can form due to the interaction of Er and Zr. These kinds of particles are thermally stable, thus the addition of Er can optimize the microstructure, improve the mechanical properties and hinder the recrystallization so as to improve its thermal stability. The research progress of Er-containing aluminum alloy is presented. The emphasis is laid on the precipitation of Al3Er and Al3(ZrxEr1-x) and its effect on the microstructure and properties. The effect of Er in some typical commercial alloys is also summarized.%微合金化是提高铝合金性能的重要途径,控制微量元素的种类和含量,充分发挥微量元素的作用是当前铝合金研究的主要方向之一.大量研究表明:廉价的Er能够起到有效的微合金化作用,Er元素在铝合金中可形成纳米级Al3Er强化相,并可通过与Zr复合作用形成Al3(ZrxEr1-x)复合相,比Al3Sc相具有更好的热稳定性,从而可以改善铝合金组织,大幅度提高铝合金的强度或塑性、明显抑制铝合金的再结晶以提高其耐热性,改善其综合性能.本文作者针对微合金化元素Er在铝合金中析出Al3Er相及Al3(ZrEr1-x)复合相的过程及其对合金组织和性能的影响机理,以及Er微合金化在几类工业合金体系中的作用,介绍含铒铝合金的最新研究进展.