The development of inert anode for aluminum electrolysis is mainly based on the economic and environmental considerations, which is very important for the further development of aluminum electrolysis, and is the key technology of the advanced aluminum electrolysis. Metallic inert anode with good processability, good thermal shock resistance and conductivity, and cermet inert anode combining the high-temperature thermal stability of ceramic and high conductivity, high toughness of metal, have been the primary candidates of inert anode. The engineering researches have been carried out using metallic inert anode and cermet inert anode, respectively. Recent studies focus on the dynamic balance control of the formation and dissolution of the protective film on the metallic inert anode surface, composition and structure optimization of cermet inert anode, the mechanism and suppression techniques of corrosion, and so on. The latest development of the metallic inert anode and cermet inert anode was reviewed, especially the composition optimization, sintering and electrolytic corrosion characteristics of nickel ferrite based cermet were introduced from the materials science perspective.%惰性阳极铝电解技术的发展主要基于经济和环境的考虑,对铝电解工业的长远发展具有重要意义,已成为铝电解工业进步的关键技术.合金惰性阳极具有易加工成形、良好的抗热震性和导电性,金属陶瓷惰性阳极兼顾陶瓷的高温热稳定性及金属的高导电性和高韧性,二者已成为惰性阳极的主要候选材料体系,并进行了工程化铝电解试验研究.近年来,惰性阳极的研究集中在合金阳极表面保护膜形成与溶解的动态平衡控制、金属陶瓷组成与结构优化、惰性阳极的电解腐蚀机制及抑制技术等方面.综述了铝电解用合金阳极和金属陶瓷惰性阳极的近期研究进展,从材料学的角度介绍铁酸镍基金属陶瓷的组成优化、烧结、电解腐蚀特性等方面的最新研究成果.
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