硬岩金属矿山深部开采中的动力学问题

摘要

从深部开采环境阐述了金属矿硬岩在高地应力作用下的储能特征,并从深部开采工艺方面分析了随着金属矿山开采深度的不断增加,连续采矿方法已经成为未来深部开采的必然趋势.通过分析,认为处于高应力下的硬岩矿体在承受连续采矿法带来的动力扰动时,可以认为是岩石动静组合的受力问题.在此基础上,利用岩石动静组合加载理论分析了硬岩矿山在深部开采中的几个关键动力学问题,主要包括:硬岩矿山深部开采中的系统扰动和岩爆、深部开采中爆破引发的矿震及巷道失稳现象、深部硬岩开采中的能量释放与有序调控.理论分析和工程实践证明,硬岩金属矿山深部开采中存在的很多动力学问题可以利用岩石动静组合加载理论进行科学论证和分析,这对深部采矿的工程实践有较好的指导意义.%The energy storage characteristics of hard rock in metal mines under high stress was described from the deep mining environment. And the inevitable trend of continuous mining methods in the future with the increase of exploitation depth of metal mines was also analyzed. For hard rock in metal mines under high stress, the dynamic disturbance caused by continuous mining was conducted on it, which can be considered as a mechanical problem coupled static and dynamic loads. On this basis, three key dynamics problems were analyzed by using the theory of coupled loads as follows: the system disturbance and rock burst in deep metal mines exploitation, mine earthquake and drift instability caused by blasting in deep mines, energy release and orderly regulation in deep metal mines exploitation. Theoretical analysis and engineering practice proved that several dynamics problems in deep metal mines can be explained by using the theory of coupled static and dynamic loads, which will provide some engineering practice guidance for deep exploitation.