车用动力电池回收技术进展

摘要

近年来，作为高能汽车动力电池的镍氢电池和锂离子电池凭借其能量密度高、充放电速度快、循环寿命长以及无污染等优点得到快速发展。但经过数百至上千次的循环充放电后其容量下降并最终报废，从保护环境、节约自然资源角度看，回收电池再利用成为必然。作者总结了近年来国内外回收利用锂离子电池和镍氢电池的方法，包括湿法工艺、火法工艺和联合工艺等，并对各工艺作出了评价；概述了研究现状中存在的二次污染、安全性问题与解决方法和回收制备产物的种类，为中国未来动力电池回收利用奠定基础。%Recently, Ni­MH battery and lithium ion battery as high­energy vehicle power batteries have been developed rapidly for some advantages, such as high energy density, fast process of charge and discharge, long cycle life, non­pollution. However, the battery capacity decreases after hundreds of charge­discharge cycles, which finally leads to the battery scrap. From the view of environmental protection, natural resources conservation and lower the cost, the battery recycling is necessary. The authors summarized the methods of Ni­MH battery and lithium ion battery recycling in domestic and foreign researches, including the hydrometallurgical processing method, pyrometallurgical processing method and combined processing method, and each method was evaluated. And then an overview was given about secondary pollution, security problems and solutions in the existing methods, which lays a foundation for future recycling of traction battery in China.