异极矿成矿规律及浮选药剂作用机理研究现状

摘要

Metallogenic regularity and structural characteristics of hemimorphite and action regularity between hemimorphite and flotation reagents were studied. The important factors affecting the floatability of hemimorphite were analyzed in details and interaction rules between hemimorphite and reagents were summarized. The results show that the hemimorphite mix easily with clay minerals in the early stage of mineralization, which leads to the fact that zinc containing mineral losts in the slime when the flotation method is used and the recovery rate of hemimorphite is low. No chemical bonds are formed between N and H atoms in polar group -NH2of amine collectors and Zn, Si, O, H on the surface of hemimorphite, and the acting way between hemimorphite and collectors is electrostatic adsorption only. The mineral surface of Zn2+is often shielded by SiO42- because the volume of SiO42- is larger than that of Zn2+. When they act with flotation reagents, the solubility of minerals is reduced and the sulfurication ion such as S2- and HS- are difficult to combine with Zn2+and more sulfurization time is needed. Chelating agent method is expected to become the high efficient separation method of the flotation of hemimorphite.%主要考察异极矿的成矿规律、结构特征以及异极矿与浮选药剂之间的作用规律,详细分析影响异极矿可浮性的重要因素,总结国内外与异极矿相关的浮选药剂与异极矿之间的作用规律.结果表明:在成矿的前期阶段,异极矿易与粘土矿物混杂,采用浮选法进行回收时含锌矿物易损失于矿泥中,从而使得异极矿的浮选回收率较低;胺类捕收剂的极性基团—NH2中N、H原子与异极矿表面的Zn、Si、O、H等原子之间并未形成有效的化学键,捕收剂与异极矿之间的作用方式仅为静电吸附;由于异极矿中 SiO4-的体积比 Zn2+的更大,在与浮选药剂发生作用时,矿物表面的Zn2+往往被SiO42-屏蔽,使得矿物溶解度降低,从而使得S2-、HS-等起硫化作用的离子很难与Zn2+结合,硫化时间增长;螯合剂法有望成为异极矿浮选新的高效选别方法.