微小RNA在糖尿病肾病发生发展中的作用

摘要

Diabetic nephropathy,a major microvascular complication of both type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus,has become more common than primary glomerulonephritis.The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is multifactorial.It is important to understand the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and to find new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that post-trancriptionally regulate gene expression.They mediate the pathophysiological changes of diabetic nephropathy such as fibrosis,inflammatory response,podocyte apoptosis and so on,through a variety of signaling pathways.Single nucleotide polymorphism and epigenetic modification of microRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy.At the same time,the stable presence of circulating microRNAs in body fluids also provides a basis for its early diagnosis value.However,the research and application of microRNAs is still a great challenge.%糖尿病肾病(DN)是糖尿病主要的微血管并发症,已经成为我国慢性肾脏疾病的主要病因之一.DN的发病机制是多因素的.深入了解DN的发病机制,寻找新的诊断及治疗靶点至关重要.微小RNA是普遍存在的非编码小分子RNA,起转录后调节作用,其通过多种信号途径介导了肾组织纤维化、炎症反应、足细胞凋亡等DN的病理生理改变,并在单核苷酸多态性、表观遗传修饰等方面参与了DN的发生发展.同时,循环微小RNA可在多种体液中的稳定存在也为其成为早期诊断靶点提供了依据.但是微小RNA在DN中的研究及临床应用仍有极大的挑战.