掌叶覆盆子化学成分的研究

摘要

Rubus chingii Hu (Rosaeae) is a kind of sub-shrub widely distributed in China, and the dried fruits of Rubus chingii called "fupenzi", has been used as a tonic in Traditional Chinese Medicine with the beneficial functions to liver, kidney and eyes for the treatments of kidney deficiency, erectile dysfunction,spermatorrhea, pollakisurie, enuresis, clouded vision and premature hair graying. To characterize the active constituents for the traditional effect of "fupenzi", the chemical investigation on the dried fruits of Rubus chingii was carried out. The 80％ ethanol extract of the dried fruits of Rubus chingii was dissolved in H2O and partitioned with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH sequentially to yield petroleum ether, EtOAc, n-BuOH and aqueous fraction. Eighteen compounds were isolated from the EtOAc, n-BuOH fraction by means of repeated column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and MCI. Their structures were determined mainly on the basis of physicochemical and spectral data and identified as kaempferol ( 1 ), astragalin ( 2 ), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester ( 3 ), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside ( 4 ), tiliroside ( 5 ), isoquercitrin (6), rutin ( 7 ), phlorizin (8) ,β-sitosterol ( 9 ), daucosterol ( 10 ), ursolic acid ( 11 ), 2α, 19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid ( 12 ), nigaichigoside Fl ( 13 ), goshonoside F5 ( 14 ), gallic acid ( 15 ),methyl brevifolin-carboxylate(16) ,glucose(17) and methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(18). Compounds 4,7,8,12,13,16 and 18 were isolated from Rubus chingii for the first time, and compound 12 was found in genus of Rubus firstly.%目的 研究蔷薇科悬钩子属掌叶覆盆子(Rubus chingii)干燥果实的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、ODS和MCI柱色谱等手段进行化合物的分离与纯化,通过波谱分析,结合理化性质鉴定各化合物的结构.结果 从覆盆子体积分数80%乙醇提取物中分离得到18个已知化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚(1)、紫云英苷(2)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甲酯(3)、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(4)、椴树苷(5)、异槲皮苷(6)、芦丁(7)、根皮苷(8)、β-谷甾醇(9)、β-胡萝卜苷(10)、乌苏酸(11)、2α,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid(12)、nigaichigoside F1(13)、覆盆子苷F5(14)、没食子酸(15)、短叶苏木酚酸甲酯(16)、葡萄糖(17)和甲基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(18).结论 化合物4、7、8、12、13、16和18均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物12为首次从该属植物中发现.