一个镜鲤家系的遗传多样性及经济性状的遗传连锁分析

摘要

本试验在一个镜鲤家系中,随机选取68尾作为实验鱼,在测量体重、体长、全长等数量性状的同时,利用15个微卫星分子标记对其进行遗传检测,共检测到40个等位基因,每个基因座的等位基因数为1～4个不等,平均等位基因2.66个,片段长度在132-551之间,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.3721～3.8278,平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0.3235～1.0000,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.3464～0.7442,平均多态信息含量(PIC )为0.4754.结果表明:该镜鲤家系的遗传多样性处于中等水平,但在较大的选择压力下已严重偏离Hardy-Wenberg平衡.利用SPSS程序下的GLM过程对15个微卫星位点与主要经济性状的相关性进行分析,结果发现:HLJ021.HLJ354、HLJ551共3个微卫星位点对镜鲤体重显著影响(p<0.05),其中,位点HLJ021.HLJ044、HLJ551.HLJ1330还对体高存在显著影响(p<0.05),HLJ354对体长、体厚、全长存在显著影响(p<0.05).本研究所鉴定的与生长性状相关的标记可为德国镜鲤分子标记辅助育种提供重要信息.%Fifteen mierosatellite markers were used to analyze five economic traits including body weight, body length, total length,body width and body height in 68 samples from a mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) family. A total of 40 different alleles were detected and each locus ranged from 1 to 4i n number of alleles with average allele number of 2.67. The DNA fragment lengths were found to vary from 132bp+to 551 bp. In the one family, mean valid alleles (Ne) was found to range from 1.3721-3.8278 in number, the value of average observed (Ho) from 0.3235 to 1.0000 and expected heterozygosity (He) from 0.3464 to 0.7442. The mean value ofpolymorphic information content (PIC) of these microsatellite loci was found to be 0.4754, indicating that this family had a moderate level of genetic variability.A GLM procedure in the SPSS software was used to analyze the effects of these 15 microsatellites markers on economic characters. A total of five markers were found to be closely related to these traits, in which 3 markers, HL021, HLJ354 and HLJE551, had a significant impact on body weight (p＜0.05). The HLJ021 、HLJO44、HLJ551 and HLJ1330 loci were found to be significantly correlated with length character (p＜0.05). The HLJ354 loci was found to be significantly correlated with body length, body width, and total length character (p＜0.05). The microsatellite markers used in our study might be used as a marker assisting selection for growth trait.