硅肥对膜下滴灌水稻生长发育及产量的影响

摘要

In order to determine the suitable dosage of silicon fertilizer for rice drip irrigation with film mulch, by the T-43 as materi-al, the effects of different dosage of silicon fertilizer on rice growth and yield were studied. The results showed that applying silicon fertilizer is beneficial to early tillering, reduce the ineffective tillers, and increase chlorophyll content in the later stage of rice com-pared with the control. Applying silicon fertilizer can increase rice stem type index, enhance the resistance to lodging, the rice stem type index is largest when the dosage of silicon fertilizer is 135 kg/hm2. APAR of 90 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer is relatively slow in the later stage of rice, it is better to use light energy for organic matter production after heading. Silicon fertilizer is mainly by influencing the spike length, grain number and seed setting rate to promote the the yield, the largest yield is under 135 kg/hm 2 treatment, there is no significant difference with the application of 90 kg/hm2. Above all, these two treatment are conducive to rice growth under drip irri-gation with film mulch, but 90 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer is more appropriate from an economic point of view.%为确定适合膜下滴灌水稻生长的施硅量，以T-43为材料，研究了不同用量硅肥对膜下滴灌水稻生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明，与对照（硅肥用量为0 kg/hm2）相比，施硅有利于水稻分蘖早发快发，减少无效分蘖，提高水稻生育后期叶片叶绿素含量；施硅还可以增加水稻秆型指数，增强植株抗倒伏能力，135 kg/hm2的施硅量秆型指数最大；90 kg/hm2的施硅量使水稻后期冠层有效辐射吸收量降低变慢，有利于水稻抽穗后更好的利用光能进行有机物生产；硅肥主要是通过影响穗长、实粒数和结实率来促进产量的提高，施硅量135 kg/hm2的处理产量最高，但与施用量为90 kg/hm2的处理差异不显著。综上所述，施用硅肥有利于膜下滴灌水稻的生长，但从经济角度考虑，以施用量为90 kg/hm2较为适宜。