It is very necessary to monitor fetus in perinatal period, and fetal electrocardiogram is one of the most effective means to monitor fetal's conditions. Fetal ECG can reflect whole picture of fetal heart activity. The abnormity in the process of fetal growth and development can be discovered through the waveform analysis. Many fetal ECG signal extraction methods were described in this paper, such as adaptive filtering, blind source separation, blind signal extraction, independent component analysis, wavelet analysis, artificial neural network and so on. The principle and ways to improve the effect of these methods were introduced, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were analyzed at the same time. Fetal ECG signal extraction methods were summarized, and the outlook for future development of this technology were made in the end of this article.%在围产期对胎儿进行监护是十分必要的,而胎儿心电图是目前胎儿监护最有效的手段之一.胎儿心电图能够反映胎儿心脏活动的全貌,通过对其波形分析,可及时发现胎儿生长发育过程中的异常.本文综述了几种经典的胎儿心电信号提取算法,包括自适应滤波法、盲源分离法、盲信号提取法、独立成分分析法、小波分析法、人工神经网络等,并重点介绍了各种方法的原理、改进方法,同时对各种算法的优缺点进行分析.文章的最后,对各种胎儿心电提取算法进行了总结,并对未来发展做出了展望.
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