全氮阴离子N5^―的研究进展

摘要

Polynitrogen anion N5-is an important intermediate in the synthesis of N5＋N5-,an energetic material.The synthesis,reaction mechanism,characterization and stability of arylpentazoles were summarized,and the efforts to obtain N5-by dearylation of arylpentazoles were also discussed.It was found that arylpentazoles were synthesized successfully using arylamines as starting material and characterized by means of Raman spectroscopy,NMR and single crystal X-ray diffracion analysis at a low temperature.The effect of substituted groups and solvent on the stability of arylpentazoles were investigated,and the signal of N5-was detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry in negative-ion mode.However,it was concluded experimentally that it was difficult to obtain N5-by chemical methods because of the bad stability of arylpentazoles.%全氮阴离子N5-是制备全氮高能盐N5＋N5-的重要中间体。综述了N5-的前体化合物芳基五唑的合成方法与反应机理、结构表征和稳定性研究;概述了用去芳基化反应合成N5-的研究进展。现阶段,通过芳胺的重氮化、环加成反应成功合成出芳基五唑,利用低温条件下的拉曼光谱、核磁共振谱及单晶衍射等手段获得了五唑环的结构信息,并系统研究了取代基和溶剂对芳基五唑稳定性的影响,进而利用电离法在质谱中检测到了N5-的信号。但是,利用化学法未能实现宏观量级的制备,芳基五唑类化合物较差的稳定性是造成N5-的化学合成难以取得突破性进展的主要原因。