针对废旧混合塑料工业化回收循环利用过程中分类识别和高效清洗两大关键技术难题，本文主要综述了系列可工业用废旧混合塑料分类识别方法；讨论了浮沉分离、浮选分离、电选分离、近红外光谱精准识别技术在废旧塑料识别中的应用；介绍了清洗工艺除污提高分离效果的重要性和清洗剂主要成分——碱性物质、助剂和表面活性剂以及其作用；并提出了将超声波清洗以及浮沉分离、浮选分离、近红外光谱识别分离用于废旧塑料精准识别与分离的集成技术工艺路线。由于国内近红外光谱识别技术与超声波清洗技术相对落后，指出研究此两项技术、设备并将两者结合应用于废旧塑料回收是今后的发展方向。%This review summarized a series of methods of two key technologies of separation identification and efficient cleaning of mixed waste plastics for industrialized recycling and utilization. Applications of sink-float separation,flotation separation,electrostatic separation and near infrared spectra accurate identification technology in waste plastics identification were discussed. This paper also introduced the importance of cleaning process and the main ingredients of plastic cleaner including alkaline compounds,additive agent,surfactant and their effects. The technological process which integrates ultrasonic cleaning technology and sink-float separation , flotation separation , and near-infrared spectra accurate identification technology has advantages to identify and sort waste plastics and has the potentials to solve the problems in ultrasonic cleaning and near-infrared spectra identification. Therefore, the integrated technology could be the prospective focus of future research.
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