甘蔗渣接枝技术研究进展

摘要

Sugar cane bagasse(SCB)grafting technology has attracted increasing attention by researchers,because SCB is an important kind of plant fiber and belongs to renewable resources. The SCB’s structure,physical and chemical properties as well as grafting mechanism are described,and the influence of pretreatment,monomer,solvent,initiation mode on SCB grafting is analyzed. Pretreatment destroys SCB’s supramolecular structures,improving the reactivity of SCB. General solvent cannot destroy SCB’s multiphase structure,therefore grafting only occur on the surface of SCB,but cellulose solvents and some binary solvents can dissolve SCB and make grafting occur at molecular level. Initiator concentration has an optimal range for the increase of grafting rate. The amount of grafting monomer affects grafting rate directly. SCB grafting polymer can be used as ion exchanger,heavy metal ion adsorbent,oil-absorptive materials,water absorbing &holding materials. Future research directions are proposed. SCB grafting polymerization should have higher percentage of grafting and be more stable,and grafting technology should be environmentally friendly and low-cost.%甘蔗渣（SCB）作为一种重要的植物纤维，是可再生资源，其接枝技术日益受到重视。本文先介绍了SCB的结构、物理化学性质以及接枝机理，再重点评述了预处理方式、不同的接枝单体和溶剂、引发方式对SCB接枝的影响。预处理破坏了SCB的超分子结构从而提高SCB的反应可及性；一般溶剂不能破坏SCB的多相结构，反应在SCB表面进行，纤维素溶剂和一些二元体系溶剂可溶解SCB而实现分子水平上的接枝；引发剂浓度对接枝率的提高有一个最佳范围；接枝单体用量直接影响接枝率。最后指出SCB接枝物在离子交换、重金属离子吸附、吸油和吸水保水等方面的应用前景，并建议SCB接枝技术应向着接枝效率高、接枝物性能稳定、工艺绿色环保和开发成本低等方向发展。