乙炔氢氯化反应非贵金属无汞催化剂的研究进展

摘要

Mercury-free catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination have received wide attentions due to their considerable activity and environmental benefits. The research progress of mercury-free catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination in recent years is reviewed. The main methods for improving the catalytic properties of non-noble metal catalysts and the effects of active component,support,and preparation process on catalytic activity are summarized. The relationship between catalytic activity and reaction mechanism of solid or liquid systems is presented. The conditions for the highly active, long life mercury-free catalysts of non-noble metal to be used in acetylene hydrochlorination are analyzed. Concerted catalysis of non-noble metals , various processing methods for supports , optimization of catalyst preparation,and application of ionic liquids will be the development trends of mercury-free catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination.%由于具有较好的催化活性和环境友好性，用于乙炔氢氯化反应的无汞催化剂日益受到人们的重视。本文概述了近年来国内外乙炔氢氯化反应无汞催化剂的研究进展，综述了改善非贵金属催化剂性质的主要方法，探讨了催化剂的活性组分、载体及制备过程对催化活性的影响，简要介绍了气固相催化体系和液相催化体系的催化机理与催化活性之间的关系，分析了高活性、长寿命的乙炔氢氯化反应非贵金属无汞催化剂所应具备的必要条件。研究表明，多种非贵金属的协同催化、载体处理方法的多样化、制备过程的优选组合及离子液体的应用将是今后乙炔氢氯化反应催化剂的发展趋势。