基于盲源分离的往复泵液力端故障机理

摘要

Reciprocating pump is widely used in petroleum and petrochemical industry,it often transports liquid of high density,high viscosity and high sand content under high-pressure. Pump valve is one of the parts that are damaged most easily in the reciprocating pump hydraulic end. Its operation state will directly influence pump volumetric efficiency and working reliability. This paper discusses three breakdowns of BW-250 reciprocating pump hydraulic end,including spring break,valve disc wear and piston wear. Acceleration and displacement sensors were installed in the pump valve for real-time monitoring its state. Valve internal and external vibration signal characteristics were quantitatively analyzed and extracted by blind source separation. The result showed that aggravation of piston wear caused instability of pump suction and discharge pressure,which led to intensified valve disc and spring failure. Initiation and evolution of key component damage of BW-250 reciprocating pump hydraulic end was revealed,which could promote further research on failure mechanism and increase service life of pump valve.%往复泵在石油石化行业应用十分广泛，常常在高压环境下输送大密度、高黏度以及高含砂量的液体。泵阀是往复泵液力端最易损坏的部件之一，它的运行状态能直接影响着往复泵的容积效率和工作可靠性。本文针对BW-250型往复泵液力端泵阀弹簧断裂、阀盘磨损和活塞磨损这三类故障进行失效分析，通过在泵阀上安装加速度和位移传感器对泵阀状态进行实时监测，并对阀内外测得的振动信号进行量化对比分析，采用盲源分离技术提取故障特征信号。结果表明，BW-250型往复泵液力端活塞磨损的加剧导致泵阀吸入和排出压力不稳定，进而导致阀盘和弹簧故障的加剧，初步揭示了BW-250型往复泵液力端关键部件故障萌生和演化、发展的特点和规律，这对于往复泵液力端故障机理研究工作的进一步推进，提高易损件使用寿命具有重要意义。