国外渣油加氢技术研究进展

摘要

With the use of increasingly heavy crude oil and stricter environmental requirements, residuum hydroprocessing technologies have become a key upgrading process to improve the yield of light oil in refineries. This paper focuses on the main residuum hydroprocessing technologies at present,compares four types of processes,including fixed bed,ebullated bed,slurry bed and moving bed,and analyzes the present status and developing trend of main residuum hydroprocessing technologies abroad in detail. Fixed bed hydrotreating technology is the most mature one,and it will continue to dominate in the foreseeable future. Ebullated bed hydrocracking technology is becoming mature,which represents the future of hydrocracking technology. Moving bed hydrogenation technology isn’t an effective means temporarily. Slurry bed hydrocracking technology hasn’t realized its industrial application yet,but several sets of it are under construction and have a good potential. Optimized and integrated with other heavy oil processing technology will improve economic benefits significantly.%随着原油劣质化趋势的加剧及环保法规的日益严格，渣油加氢技术已成为炼厂提高轻油收率的关键技术。本文针对目前主要的渣油加氢技术，比较了固定床、沸腾床、悬浮床、移动床四大类型渣油加氢技术的优势和不足，重点分析了国外主要的渣油加氢技术的研究进展，探讨了未来的发展趋势。固定床加氢技术最成熟，在可预见的未来仍将占据渣油加氢的主导地位；沸腾床加氢技术日趋成熟，代表未来渣油加氢的发展方向；移动床加氢技术暂不作为渣油加氢的有效手段；悬浮床加氢技术尚未实现工业化应用，正在建设多套工业装置，具有良好的发展前景。渣油加氢技术与其他重油加工工艺进行优化集成，将会显著提高炼厂的经济效益。