Ni基甲烷二氧化碳重整催化剂研究进展

摘要

There has been renewed attention in carbon dioxide (dry) reforming of methane (CRM) in the last twenty years,as it can transform methane and CO2,which are considered as greenhouse gas, into valuable syngas. Among all catalysts,Nickel-based catalysts have been extensively studied in CRM because of their relatively high activity and low cost. In this review,recent research progresses in nickel-based catalysts in CRM are classified into two types:Supported catalysts and unsupported catalysts,and summarized respectively. As we know,due to coking and sintering under high temperature condition,CRM is inevitably accompanied by catalyst deactivation. The causes for these two problems are introduced in detail,together with five approaches which can improve the activity and stability of Nickel-based catalysts in CRM. Five approaches consist of poisoning the nickel surface selectively by inactive metal,enhancing the dispersity of nickel,controlling the acid-base properties of catalyst,reducing the nickel particle size,and stabilizing nickel on support. It is pointed out that the design and synthesis of stable Nickel-based catalysts with smaller particle size is the key to solve these two problems simultaneously for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane.%由于甲烷二氧化碳重整将两种温室气体甲烷和二氧化碳转化为可利用的合成气，因此近二十年以来引起了越来越多研究者的关注。其中，Ni 基催化剂由于其较高的活性和较低的成本得到了广泛的研究。本文将甲烷二氧化碳重整 Ni 基催化剂分为负载型和非负载型两大类分别综述了它们的研究进展。针对反应条件下的 Ni 基催化剂因积炭和烧结引起的失活问题，本文介绍了引起这两个问题的原因，并概括了抑制失活并提升Ni基催化剂活性和稳定性的5条途经，包括选择性钝化活性金属、增强 Ni 颗粒分散性、控制催化剂的酸碱性、减小 Ni颗粒的尺寸以及提高Ni颗粒稳定性。最后指出，设计和制备颗粒小而且稳定的催化剂是同时解决催化剂积炭和烧结两大问题的关键。