木炭作为一种重要的生产、生活原料，在工业生产和家庭生活中应用广泛。现有的木炭生产技术主要有内热式炭化、外热式炭化和循环气流加热式炭化技术，本文概述了3种炭化技术与设备的研发现状，并总结了炭化工艺改进的理论研究进展：长低温停留时间，然后快速升温到高温段保温的加热工艺有利于提高木炭产率和品质，同时节省炭化时间和能量；适当提高原料湿度和炭化压力将促进木材热解，增大压力还能提高木炭得率；减小原料尺寸可以提升炭化速率，但会使得炭得率降低。最后指出当前国内木炭生产主要存在工业化水平低、理论研究滞后和缺乏相关的生产使用标准等问题，未来的木炭生产将沿着工业化、高效化和标准化方向发展。%Charcoal is widely used in industrial production and households. Charcoal production methods can be divided into three types according to different heating modes,namely internal heating, external heating and heating with recycle gas. In this paper,the research progress of charcoal production and equipmpent and theoretical study of carbonization technology improvement are summarized. Long residence time at a low temperature and then rising rapidly to a high temperature and standing for a period of time helps to increase yield and quality of charcoal as well as save time and energy. High moisture content and operation pressure can promote carbonization. Besides, pyrolysis at an elevated pressure can increase charcoal yield. Carbonization time will decrease with increasing feedstock size,however,charcoal yield will decrease as well. Finally the main problems existing in China’s charcoal production industry are lower level of industrialization,lacking theoretical research and standards for charcoal production and usage. Industrialization,high efficiency and standardization shall be the development trend of charcoal production.
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