无机盐阴阳离子对稠油水包油型乳状液稳定性的影响

摘要

The effects of the concentrations of amphoteric/nonionic surfactant,inorganic/organic alkali and anionic/cationic electrolyte on the stability of heavy oil-in-water emulsions were researched. The experimental results show that the water separation rates first sharply decrease with the increase of surfactant concentrations,and then reduce gradually till the minimum value. The compositional alkali has an optimal concentration. Inorganic salts show a twofold effect on the stability of emulsions, increasing within the low salt concentration and decreasing above the high concentration of salt. The magnitude of the effects of univalent cations on water separation rates is as follows:KCl>NaCl>LiCl. And the influence of MgCl2 on the stability of emulsions is greater than that of CaCl2. The magnitude of the effects of univalent anions on water separation rates is as follows: NaCl>NaBr>NaI,and that of polyvalent is Na2SO4>NaCl>Na3PO4.%考察了两性/非离子复配表面活性剂浓度、无机/有机复配碱浓度、不同价态正负离子对稠油水包油型乳状液稳定性的影响规律。实验结果表明：随着复配表面活性剂浓度的增加，乳状液的分水率先急剧降低后缓慢下降；复配碱对乳状液的稳定性存在最优浓度；无机盐对乳状液的稳定性具有双重作用，低浓度盐提高乳状液的稳定性，高浓度盐降低乳状液的稳定性；一价阳离子对乳状液的稳定性影响顺序为KCl＞NaCl＞LiCl；二价阳离子对乳状液稳定性的影响程度为MgCl2＞CaCl2；一价阴离子对分水率的影响顺序为NaCl＞NaBr＞NaI；高价阴离子对乳状液稳定性的影响程度为Na2SO4＞NaCl＞Na3PO4。