短链氯化石蜡的研究进展

摘要

短链氯化石蜡（SCCPs）是一类碳原子数为10～13的正构烷烃氯化衍生而成的复杂混合物，具有环境持久性、生物蓄积性和生物毒性，可长距离迁移。作为《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》拟增列持久性有机污染物（persistent organic pollutants，POPs）之一，短链氯化石蜡的生物毒性、环境和人体健康风险及环境污染现状等的研究备受关注。本文概述了SCCPs的物理化学性质；详细比较了国内外对SCCPs的分析方法的优缺点，包括气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-ECD）、气相色谱-电子轰击串联质谱（GC-EI/MS）、气相色谱-低分辨电子捕获负化学离子源质谱（GC-ECNI-LRMS）等；重点综述了SCCPs在全球环境介质（大气、土壤、底泥、水）及生物体中的污染现状；总结了SCCPs现有的污染控制技术，包括生物降解、光降解、吸附等；同时，针对目前存在的问题，对SCCPs今后的研究方向进行了展望，以期为该领域相关的研究工作提供参考。%Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs),which are chlorinated derivatives of n-alkanes, are a group of complex mixtures that include 10—13 carbon atoms. They have some conmmon properties,such as environmental persistence,biotoxicity,bioaccumulation and long-distance transport. Having been considered as candidates to be added to the list on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention,SCCPs have been widely paid attention recently. In this paper,the physicochemical properties of SCCPs are described,and various analytical methods of SCCPs are compared,including gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD),gas chromatography-electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS),and gas chromatography- electron capture negative chemical ion source low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-ECNI-LRMS). Meanwhile,the pollution occurrence of SCCPs in the global environment media (air,soil,sediment and water) and organisms is summarized. The pollution control technologies of SCCPs,including biodegradation,photodegradation and adsorption are discussed. Further,aiming at the problems in previous studies the future research directions are proposed to provide references for related study.