准晶材料应用于催化、增强复合材料和储氢的研究进展

摘要

Quasicrystal is a novel metal material with unique atomic arrangement structure and special properties. The research progress of quasicrystal application is reviewed. The relationship between microstructure and catalytic activity in catalytic steam reforming of methanol over quasicrytal is elaborated. When quasicrystal is added into Al alloys,Mg alloys and polymers to prepare reinforced composites,it could improve mechanical properties such as tensile strength,yield strength, extensibility and wear resistance. The discharge capacity,high rate discharge and cyclic stability of quasicrystal as negative electrode for nickel-metal hydride batteries are summarized. The structural stability of quasicrystal in application is also presented. The researches on combining composition, structure and properties of quasicrystal with its effective application need to be conducted.%准晶是一种具有独特结构和性能的新型金属材料。本文报道了准晶材料应用的研究进展，重点阐述了准晶在甲醇水蒸气重整反应中结构和催化性能的关系，准晶改善了其增强铝合金、镁合金和高聚物复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度、延展性和耐磨性等力学性能，以及准晶作为镍氢二次电池负极材料时的放电容量、高倍率放电性和循环稳定性等，分析了准晶在应用中存在的结构稳定性问题，最后指出准晶的组成、结构、性能和应用需要进一步探索更有效的切合点。