两性聚丙烯酰胺属于两性聚电解质，是一种新型功能高分子。本文首先阐述了两性聚丙烯酰胺的结构和特性，包括等电点、电荷密度、分子链形态、浊度、黏度、吸附特性等；接着概括了目前较为普遍的两性聚丙烯酰胺的合成反应，包括大分子改性、接枝共聚、阴/阳离子单体共聚，以及丙烯酰胺与甜菜碱型单体共聚；还总结了两性聚丙烯酰胺的合成方法，包括：水溶液聚合、反向乳液聚合、反向微乳液聚合、悬浮聚合、辐射聚合等；最后总结了其在各领域的应用，尤其是在造纸工业中的助留助滤和纸张增强等应用。%Amphoteric polyacrylamide,a family of polyampholytes,is a new type of functional polymer. This review firstly describes the structure and properties of amphoteric polyacrylamide, including isoelectric point,charge density,molecular chain morphology,turbidity,viscosity and absorption characteristics. It then outlines the synthesis reactions associated with production of amphoteric polyacrylamide,including modification of macromolecules,grafting and copolymerization, copolymerization of anionic/cationic monomers,and copolymerization of acrylamide and betaine monomers. It also summarizes the synthesis methods of amphoteric polyacrylamide,including:aqueous solution polymerization,inverse emulsion polymerization,inverse microemulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization,and radiation polymerization. At last it illustrates applications in various fields,especially in the paper industry to enhance retention,drainage at wet-end,and improve dry-strength of paper sheets.
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