锂离子电池磷酸铁锂正极材料的研究进展

摘要

Due to its excellent electrochemical performance,Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is universally recognized as one of the most promising lithium ion battery cathode materials. But the development of this cathode material is controlled by its low electric conductivity and slow diffusion rate of lithium ion. The crystal structure,principle of charging and discharging and electrochemical reaction model are described in this paper. Latest progresses in modified research of electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 are reviewed. Especially,the effects of ion-doping,carbon coating and synthesizing nano-structure on the LiFePO4 and the existing problems are introduced. The research trends of this field are brought forward and the future study should be focused on further theoretical study and process improvement.%磷酸铁锂正极材料因其优良的电化学性能，被认为是最具应用前景的锂离子电池正极材料之一。但由于其导电率低和锂离子扩散速率慢等问题，一直制约其发展。本文阐述了磷酸铁锂的晶体结构、充放电原理以及电化学反应模型，回顾了近年来国内外对于改善磷酸铁锂的电化学性能所进行的研究，重点介绍了离子掺杂、碳包覆以及材料纳米化等改性方法对锂离子电池磷酸铁锂正极材料的影响以及目前仍然存在的问题，最后展望了该领域的发展趋势，指出继续进行深入的理论研究和进行工艺改进将是今后重点的研究方向。