近年来，含氟聚合物以其优异的耐热性、耐氧化性、耐候性、耐腐蚀性以及低介电常数、低表面能等特点，在疏水材料、抗污材料、表面活性剂、造影剂等领域具有广泛的应用前景，受到研究者的密切关注，各种拓扑结构的含氟共聚物被设计合成出来并在相关领域得到应用。本文首先简要介绍了含氟聚合物的性质和研究现状，然后详细叙述了可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合（RAFT）、原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）、碘转移自由基聚合（ITP）、单电子转移活性聚合（SET-LRP）、氮氧稳定自由基聚合（NMP）以及活性阴离子聚合（LAP）等聚合方法在结构可控含氟共聚物合成中的研究新进展，并对其聚合机理、优缺点以及所得共聚物的性质和应用进行了总结，最后对结构可控含氟共聚物的设计、合成及实际应用前景进行了展望，提出发展绿色环保功能性含氟聚合物将是未来的主要研究热点。%In recent years,fluorinated polymers have attracted much attention because of their excellent properties of high resistance to heat and oxygen,superior weatherability,good chemical inertness,low dielectric constants,and low surface energy,and broad application prospect in fields of hydrophobic materials,antifouling materials,surfactant,and contrast agent. Fluorinated copolymers of various topologies have been synthesized and applied in related fields. In this paper,firstly,the properties and current research status of fluorinated polymers are briefly introduced. Secondly,the new research progress of well-defined fluorinated copolymers synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization(RAFT),atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP),iodine transfer radical polymerization(ITP),reverse iodine transfer polymerization(RITP),single electron transfer living radical polymerization(SET-LRP),nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization(NMP),and livinganionic polymerization(LAP)are reviewed in detail respectively. In addition,the mechanism, advantage and disadvantage of polymerization,and the properties and applications of the fluorinated copolymer obtained are also summarized. Finally,the research foreground and practical application of the design and synthesis of well-defined fluorinated copolymers based on controlled/“living”polymerization are prospected. We put forward that environmentally friendly functional fluorinated polymers will be the research focuses in the future.
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