废弃负载型加氢处理催化剂是炼油工业中产生的固体废弃物，将其作为金属回收的原料，符合“减量化、再利用、资源化”的循环经济发展要求。本文综述了废弃加氢催化剂的金属回收利用技术，即废催化剂经过预处理去除烃类物质和结焦后，主要通过湿法或干法进行金属回收，得到一系列有价产品。湿法回收包括直接浸出法和碱性焙烧水浸法，目前碱性焙烧水浸法是被广泛研究的方法，此方法通过加入钠盐或钾盐同废催化剂混合焙烧后能显著提高某些金属在水中的溶解性，使后续的浸出过程更容易进行，缺点是对设备腐蚀性较大，易产生二次污染。本文还介绍了国内外主要废催化剂处理厂商对废催化剂金属回收的酸浸、碱浸、焙烧水浸、火法冶金等湿法及干法工艺，缩短湿法回收工艺流程以及降低干法回收能耗是今后废催化剂金属回收的发展方向。%Spent hydroprocessing catalyst,a hazardous waste generated in petroleum refining industry, can be used as raw materials for metal recovery in order to meet the circular economic requirements of reducing,reusing and recycling. In light of that,this paper reviews the metal recovery and reuse of spent hydroprocessing catalyst. The methods are divided into hydrometallurgical route and pyrometallurgical route after pretreatment. The hydrometallurgical route contains direct leaching and roasting with alkali compounds. The roasting of spent catalysts with sodium and/or potassium salts significantly enhances solubility of some metals in water,which makes the subsequent leaching process easier. The downsides of this approach are equipment corrosion and secondary pollution. This paper also introduces some commercial metal recovery routes,including acid leaching,alkali leaching,water leaching with roasting and pyrometallurgy. Furthermore,the future research directions are shortening the route in the hydrometallurgical process and lowering energy consumption in the pyrometallurgical route.
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