阳离子交换树脂改性研究进展

摘要

强酸性阳离子交换树脂含有大量的强酸性基团，具有选择、交换、吸收和催化等功能，但其存在耐高温性能差、酸强度低等问题，故需要对其进行改性。改性的阳离子交换树脂广泛应用于水处理、有机合成、分离处理、环境保护及生物制药等领域。本文简要介绍了近年来强酸性阳离子交换树脂的改性方法，主要包含：金属离子改性（Al3+、Sn4+、Zn2+、Ti4+、Fe3+和 Fe2+、Ce4+和 Ga3+、Ni2+、Zr4+、Pd2+等）、磺化改性、巯基改性、胺化改性及其他类改性等方法；指出了其存在的问题，分析了改性阳离子交换树脂的未来发展方向，开发和研制具有耐高热和化学稳定性的树脂载体材料成为其研究的关键。除此之外，对树脂进行各种改性处理也是改善树脂综合性能、扩大其应用范围的重要方法。%Strong-acidic cation exchange resin contained a large number of strong acid groups,which renders it diversed functions of selection,exchange,absorption and catalysis,etc. But the inherent defects of poor high temperature resistance and low acid strength,make it obliged to be modified. Modified cation exchange resins have been widely used in water treatment,organic synthesis, separation and treatment,environmental protection and biological pharmaceutical,etc. The modification methods of strong-acid cation exchange resin were reviewed,mainly including: metal ion modification(Al3+、Sn4+、Zn2+、Ti4+、Fe3+ and Fe2+、Ce4+ and Ga3+、Ni2+、Zr4+、Pd2+,etc),sulfonation, thiol and amination modification,and other modifications,etc. The prospect of application of modified cation exchange resins was discussed.The key of the research was to prepare the resin support material with high heat resistance and chemical stability. In addition,the modification of resin was also an important method to improve its comprehensive performance and extend its applications.