稀土固体催化剂在生物柴油合成中的应用研究进展

摘要

Rare earth elements have unique valence electron configuration,with which the solid catalysts will have special chemical structures and catalytic performance. In this paper,the types and characteristics of rare earth-based solid acid and alkali catalysts were reviewed. Moreover,the employment of rare earth-based solid acid and alkali catalysts in the esterification,tranesterfication and simultaneous esterification and transesterification reaction were introduced and analyzed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of rare earth solid acid and alkali catalysts were compared. The internal reason why different kinds of rare earth solid acid and alkali catalysts have different catalytic activity and stability were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the catalytic reaction mechanism of rare earth oxides. Solid acid catalyst has become the new trend in the synthesis of biodiesel when chemical catalytic synthesis method was adopted. It is an important research direction to prepare a solid acid catalyst with high activity and stability by doping of rare earth elements in the future.%由于稀土元素具有独特的价电子构型，因而含有稀土元素的固体酸碱催化剂通常都具有独特的空间结构和催化性能。本文对稀土固体酸碱催化剂的种类及特点进行了综述，并对其在分别及同时催化酯化和酯交换反应合成生物柴油中的研究进展进行了详细论述；对各类稀土固体酸碱催化剂的优缺点进行了综合比较分析；对各类稀土固体酸碱催化剂具有不同催化活性和稳定性的内在影响原因进行了分析；着重介绍了稀土氧化物的催化反应机理；指出固体酸催化剂已成为经化学催化法合成生物柴油的新发展趋势，如何通过稀土元素掺杂来获得高活性和稳定性的固体酸催化剂，将是今后的一个重要研究方向。